div-Wua-eUb-dka-jtuld
Hf-La-jeok!
wNaLfn DlsWI FiaDKcos, jjShxLfn FPfSKdla cPHtqos
Dinosaurs!
SlaDp1
¡
HfLajeokLSapJEugcbk: HxlkEmTk, -jvPgs-xia-Wu-cbk-jjVd-VKrtkf jjSb-xia-jVia-jjxb-DpgfpHf½!
Hf-La-jeok-jjxba-rnis?
Hf-La-jeok-jjxba-eif-jtu-l-Wka-VK-jqf-raygs. VK-FY-via-apJ eif-jtu-l-Wka-dmg-jjxba-eif-FI-qcd sU, Fpg-LdK, Fpg-FhNx, div-jjdh, dK-Vlx, jjta, jSogk jjtK -jjwh. jjSbcbk-Hf-La-jeok-VK-dof-wyJa-voa-Ltd-apJ-VK-xka 220 thka-Vp-xk-jjthc. Hf-La-jeok-vks-EK-aPf-LS-Grnb jjSb-vks-EK-aPf-qif-ahln-dcbk-Hdb jjtK vks-EK-aPf-jVia-aid-tbk-Dpg-lia-SK-tkn jEPgs-xp-jtiv-jjrtx-Wu-Vkn-xpf dPa-EpJa-jVia-lk-rka, vks-EK-aPf-EO-qif-BUb-Bbks-eK-rsov jjtK dPa-jjSb-quf-SK-rtlf-cia.
Hf-La-jeok-xp-Ep-cPf-BUb-voa-Ltd-jCPs 150 thka-Vp, Fkd-aiJa qcd-xia-dmg-Skn-HV-Bbks-dK-Dia-ria. vks-WiJs Woa-jRok-jcoJk-cbk Hf-La-jeok-VK-eov-Wckx-rk-nK-aK jqkK-cbk-qcd-xia-eUa-qia, Wckx-FPs-jjthc Hf-La-jeok-jVia-eif-Dpg-xp-dka-FK-jtpa-jSpv-LS-fp dcbk-via-fk-eif-EK-aPf-lugaA-Dpg-BUb-voa-Ltd-apJ. xKaYf-VK-dof-wyJa-xk-voa-Ltd Hfh-qNs-raygs-thka-dcbk-Vp-jDogk-aiJa.
What were the dinosaurs?
Dinosaurs were reptiles. Today, the reptiles are a type of animal that includes snakes, lizards, turtles, and alligators. But dinosaurs appeared on earth about 220 million years ago. Some were giants; others were smaller than a chicken. Some were dangerous killers, with claws as sharp as knives; others led calm lives, eating plants all day.
The dinosaurs lived for more than 150 million years. Then, very quickly, all the dinosaurs died out. Sometimes, people talk as if dinosaurs were a failure, because they became extinct. But in fact, dinosaurs were the most successful large animals ever to walk on the earth. Humans have only been here for about a million years.
LWs-dK-fUd-Grnb-whks-jDPs jEPgs-xp-Wckx-nkc 12.8 x jjxba-LWs-dK-fUd-wls HD-jjTa-La-Em Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-eYf-Dpg-jWpn-qov-jria-xk. xia-BUb-rm-qP-qP-DK-qia-Ga-jxuls Ep-dk-Ld VK-jDf-lk-jxTP-dk.
Ekd-Hf-La-jeok-Dpg-dkn-jVia-rpa
vmg-xp-GQ-RUh-Fid-dbNc-div-Hf-La-jeok Foa-dK-DiJs-aidcP-DK-nk-ekf-Hfh-WoJa-WchkjjtK-eyd-ek-Ekd-Dpg-dkn-jViarpa-wls-qcd-xia-VK-xka 200 Vp-Qbka-xk. Woa-Fpa-Hfh-qov-jria-dK-fUd-wls-Hf-La-jeok--jxugl-els-qia-Vp-dbla jjSb-qcd-jwok-jlpJa-xia-cbk dKfUd-xis-dla. rtiis-Fkd-VKxka-SoJa-Vp 1820, aidcP-DK-nk-ekf-dmg-jtpgx-eyd-ek-Ekd-rpa-wls-Hf-La-jeok-Bbks-tK-lNf jqug-l-Eld-rk-Eug-wls-Hf-La-jeok-EK-aPf-SbksAjjtK-jqugl-GrhjwoJk-GF-cbk eif-jjVd-VK-rtkf-jrtogk-apJ xp-Ep-cPf-BUb-jjvv-Gf.
Fossils
Nobody knew about dinosaurs until 200 years ago, when scientists first studied their fossils. People in China have found dinosaur bones for two thousand years, but called them dragon bones. Only in the early 1800s did scientists begin to look carefully at dinosaur fossils, to give names to different kinds of dinosaurs, and to understand how these strange animals lived.
Ekd-dK-fUd-Dpg-dkn-jVia-rpa-Dpg-ahln-dcbk jjxba-eif-jtul-Wka-Dpg-vPa-Hfh Eug-cbk: jDp-LT-Em.
Ekd-rpa Hfh-vogs-vld-jCPs-Wckx-jVia-xk-lia-Ehk-aka-wls-Ep-cPf-Ga-fyd-fI-via. jxugl-rln-Skn-HV VmJ-wls-xia-dmg-FK-Cud-Div-Cox-Hch-fhcn-Sox-Ga-quJa-DK-jt, Fkd-aiJa-rtknA-thka-Vp-Smg-xk Sox-dmg-FK-jjws-wyJa-Foa-dkn-jVia-rpa. rtkn-thka-Vp-Qbka-HV Chk-qcd-jRok-aI-jlok-rpa-aiJa-xk-Div-jvPgs-dmg-FK-VK-dof-jria xp-RUv-Rbks-wls-VmJ-rln-aiJa-SPf-BUb-jrxula-jfpx.
A fossil is a rock that tells us about life long ago. When a clam dies, its shell might be covered with mud at the bottom of the sea. After a long time, this mud gets hard, and becomes a rock. Millions of years later, if we break the rock open, we can still see what the clam’s shell looked like.
ePf-Dk-LW-Em LS-apJ-Cud-WoJa-qov-BUb-Ga-VK-jDf-tkc. rtkn-thka-Vp-Smg-xk ePf-Dk-LW-Em Hfh-cP-cif-DK-ak-dka-xk-jVia HDT-jEp-Tk-Dilv. eif-els-EK-aPf-apJ-xp-eov-jrxula-eov-aod.
Ga-Ekd-rpa-wls ePf-Dk-LW-Em Dks-wck-xu aidcP-DK-nk-ekf-Hfh-qov-jria-xp-rpa-ahlnA-BUb-Ga-Dhls jEPgs-lkf-FK-Cud-GEh-Hch-jqugl-vof-lk-rka. VK-FY-via-apJ LS-jjwh jjtK aod-vks-EK-aPf-dua-dPa-dhla-rpa-ahln apJ-dmg-jqugl-FYf-VK-eos-fNc-dia-aiJa-jls.
Ekd-Vk jjtK-rln-Dpg-dkn-jVia-rpa-jjxba-xp-rtkn jqkK-cbk-jxug-l-eif-jrtogk-apJ-Skn-HV-dmg-FK-Cud-Div-Cox-fhcn-Sox jjtK-Ekn-Bbks-Hc-ck. ebca-Hf-La-jeok-Dpg-Skn-BUb-jDPs-vod xid-FK-Cud-Hf-La-jeok-LS-luga-dPa-jVia-lk-rka, Fkd-aiJa dK-fUd-wls-xia-dmg-FK-jaogk-jVugln-dbla-Dpg-FK-Cud-Div-Cox jjSb-vks-WiJs Hf-La-jeok-dmg-Skn-BUb-Skx-jjxb-aO rtu Skx-DK-jt-ekv jjtK-dK-fUd-wls-xia-dm-gFK-Cud-Div-Cox-Hc-Wu-dia. eK-aiJa Ga-DYd-xuJ-apJ jqPga-xid-FK-qov-jria-Ekd-dK-fUd-Grnb-wls-Hf-La-jeok -BUb-Skx-vks-ebca-wls-Ltd. vks-WiJs jqPga-dmg-FK-qov-jria-LWs-dK-fUd-rtkn-lia-BUb-aI-dia jqkK-cbk-jxugl-jc-tk-aO-Chcx rtu qU-jwok-Hz-tK-jvpf Hfh-fiv-Ep-cPf-qcd-xia-HV-qhlx-dia-jVia-FI-aca-rtcs-rtkn.
vks-ebca-wls-eif-jEiga: VmJ-rln, dK-fUd jjtK jjwhc xid-FK-dkn-jVia-rpa jjSb-ebca-lugaA-jEiga: Hwb, lk-Fox, Rln-Spa, rais jjtK quf-Qid-SbksA-dmg-ek-xkf-dkn-jVia-rpa-Hfh-Wu-dia.
xp-aidcP-DK-nk-ekf-els-VK-jqf Hfh-Ebcn-Grhqcd-jRok-jwoJk-GF-dbNc-div-Hf-La-jeok: aid-Dm-tK-ap-cP-DK-nk eyd-ek-dbNc-div-rpa, -jwok-jFoJk-WoJa-Wchk-jvPgs-EiJa-rpa Dpg-xk-Fkd-rtkn-nYd-rtkn-eK-Hrx-wls-Ltd jjtK -jwok-jFoJk-ek-xkf-RUh-Hfh-cbk Ekd-rpa-aiJa xp-lk-nY-Fid-Vp Chk--rkd-RUh-cbk BUb-Dks-Ga-wls-EiJa-rpa-aiJa-jjxba-rnis.
aid-vU-Rka-cP-DK-nk eyd-ek-dbNc-div-jjvv-jjQa-dka-fI-tos-Ep-cPf Ga-nYd-vU-Rka-jEiga-: Hf-La-jeok-jVia-SoJa. Ekd-rpa jVia-jjrtbs-wmJ-xUa-Dpg-eI-Wia-Dpg-eYf-eI-tiv-jwok-jFoJk.
VK-jDf-tkc-wls-qcd-jRok Ga-jjwcs-eK-rcia-aK-jwf-dmg-xp-Ekd-rpa wls-Hf-La-jeok-rtkn-jEiga-dia.
Shells and fish are the most common fossils, because often when these animals die, they are quickly covered by mud and sand. A dinosaur that died on land was usually eaten by other dinosaurs, then its bones rotted, before they could turn into a fossil. But sometimes, a dinosaur died in a river or lake, and its bones were covered more quickly. So today, in some parts of the world, we can find fossils of big dinosaurs. Sometimes, when a flood or volcano killed a large number of animals quickly, we find many skeletons together.
Hard parts of an animal, such as shells, bones, and teeth, are most likely to become fossils. Other things, such as eggs, dung, footprints, skin, and plants, can also become fossils.
Two types of scientists help us understand dinosaurs. Geologists study rocks. They look at the layers made by rocks at different times in the earth’s history, and they can often tell how old a fossil is, if they know what layer of rocks it was in. Paleontologists study ancient forms of life, such as dinosaurs. Fossils are their most important source of information.
Many dinosaur fossils have been found in Laos, in Savannakhet province.